CJ3A, 1950 engine..?

Am about to return the head to the engine on this old Darling'.

Been lapping and adjusting the valves.



Notice there are NO lock washers on the head stud / nuts??



Should there be lock washers??



This thing appears to have been apart before as does another parts engine I have. Neither have lock washers but while I am trying to do this correctly I'd like to know now??



Also, lock washers on the manifold studs?? I think for sure, but am not sure??



Thanks all